RURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION AS A STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL DWELLERS. (A CASE STUDY OF UDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE)
ABSTRACT
This project study given. Rural industrialization as a strategy for economic empowerment of rural dwellers. For one to really understand rural industrialization, we also need to ask the benefits of rural industrialization for empowering rural dwellers. It further x-rayed the impediments to rural industrialization and explored imperative measures to that effect. For the purpose of this research, the researcher makes use of data collected through primary and secondary source, primary data were collected by researcher directly from udi local Government Area though oral interviews and questionnaires. In addition the data collected were analyzed. The population of the study is 250 members and sample size of 154 was determined by using the taro yemani. In analyzing the data were first presented in table and then interpreted and analyzed. The findings disclose that rural industrialization promotes human and material development but not only creates gainful employment for them but rather provides basic food needs for the nation thereby conserving our foreign exchange. We also found out that poor national economic impact affects rural industrialization. The economic state of the nation is so bad that little or no efforts is made towards revamping the rural based industries even the existing ones are obsolete and in deplected state probably because of poor commitment by individuals, Government, financial institutions, in monetary loan available at a considerate rate responsible for the management of these industries. Therefore, for these industries to be established rural leaders should be educated on the advantages of establishing these industries and sect out plans to develop it.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page ii
Certification iii
Approval page iv
Dedication v
Acknowledgement vi
Abstract vii
Table of contents viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of study 1
1.2 Problem Statement 8
1.3 Purpose of Study 9
1.4 Significance of the Study 10
1.5 Research Question 11
1.6 Scope and Limitation 12
Definition of Terms of the Study 13
Reference 15
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 16
2.1 The Concept of Industrialization 17
2.2 Industrial Revolution 21
2.3 Rural Industrialization and Development in Nigeria 30
2.4 The ASIAN Experience with respect to Rural Industrialization: Major Ingredients of Success in ASIA 30
2.5 Udi Local Government Area: An Overview 32
2.6 Udi Local Government Area and Industrialization 33
2.7 Industries in Udi Local Government Area 42
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology 52
3.1 Research design 52
3.2 Area of study 53
3.3 Source of data 54
3.4 Research population and sample size 55
3.5 Research instrument 57
3.6 Validity of research instrument 57
3.7 Data analysis 58
CHAPER FOUR
4.0 Presentation and analysis of data 59
4.1 Presentation of data (table slowing respondents reaction to questionnaires) 60
4.2 Discussions of the findings. 80
CHAPER FIVE
5.0 Summaries of findings, recommendation and conclusion83
5.1 Summary of findings 83
5.2 Recommendation 85
Conclusion 83
Bibliography 91
Research Questionnaires. 94
CHAPTEER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Industrialization been part of a wider modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large scale energy and production. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom during the industrial revolution, commencing in 18th century. By the end of the 20th century, East Asia had become one of the most recently industrialized regions of the world. The original sector classification of industrialization developed by Jean Fourastie (1907 1990) an economy consists of:
i) a “primary sector” of commodity production (farming, livestock breeding, exploitation of mineral resources.
ii) a “Secondary Sector” of manufacturing and pressing (as paid work)
iii) a “Tertiary Sector” of service industries.
Historically, the industrialization process involves the expansion of the secondary sector in an economy originally dominated by primary sector activities.
The first transformation to an industrial economy from an agricultural one, known as the industrial resolution took place from the mid -18th to early 19th century in contain areas in Europe and North America, Starting in Great Britain, Followed by Belgium, Germany and France, Later Commentators have called this the first industrial revolution.
The “Second industrial Revolution” Labels the later changes that came about in the mid -19th Century after the refinement of the steam engine, the invention of the internal Combustion engine, the harnessing of electricity and the construction of canals, railways and electric, power lines. The invention of the assembly line gave this phase a boost.
Industrialization in Nigeria has witnessed neglect and distortion both at Urban and rural areas. The Situation is worse for the rural areas, Government policies towards industrialization rural areas has bee inadequate and in efficient, neglecting the fact that the rural sector of Nigeria is very vital in the socio economic development situation of the nation. it is observed by (Nyagba, 2009) that the most important sector of the Nigerian population in the rural avers. As a matter of fact, the rural areas engage in primary economic activities that form the foundation for the countries economic development (Abah, 2010). Given the contribution of the sector to the national economy enhancing the development of the sector should be central to government and public administration. This is necessary as such would further enhance the ability of the sector for increased contribution to the overall national growth and develop mint. Rural development also entails the exploitation of the human and physical potentialities with which the rural areas are endowed for benefits of raising the living standards of the rural poor. It is also seen as the improvement of the living standards of the low income population living in rural areas on a self sustainable basis through transforming the socio-capital structures of their productive activites. It is a strategy for transforming rural areas (Amahalu, 2011)
Industrialization is again a modern production process and a feature of development countries, thereby seen as a means of nicer acing the size of economic activities in sectors such as mining, manufacturing, construction service; electricity etc. industrialization also brings about development and growth in every nation. With the help of small scale business or industry, it supplies the masses with the needed goods and services such as raw materials. The existence of raw materials encourages industrialization (UGWU 2005). The Nkalagu cement industry is situated there because of the sufficient lime stone, found in the area, Oil companies in port Harcourt and warred are sited there be cause of the presence of crude oil, Ama breweries at 9th Mile comer Ngwo was sited there because of the soil PH, which is favorable in good water and suitable for industry.
Another author, (Obodoechi 2009) says, “Another name for industrialization development. It is an acceptable fact that the more the industries, the more goods and service offered this translates to more development”. He however, maintained that development which according to him is synonymous with industrialization does not connote artifacts but the dominate and control its natural resources and environment. (Ugwu 2005) also says that industrialization can be seen as a means of increasing the size of economic activities in sectors such as mining, manufacturing, construction, services, electricity etc. that it involves developing mechanized processes in creating utilities, it brings about technological or economical, social and cultural environment or advancements in a society. Industrialization is again a modern production process and a feature of development countries. Its capital intensive with high productivity.
“THE CONCEPT OF “ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT”
For the purpose of this work, the term “empowerment” refers to increasing the economic, political, social, educational, gender or spiritual individuals and communities. It covers a vast landscape of meanings, interpretations, definitions and disciplines ranging from psychology and philosophy to the highly commercialized self help industry and motivational scienes. The concept Economic Empowerment” implies the act of instituting environmental strict urges to facilitate individuals in bringing change in their social, economic status. Individuals are said to have become economically empowered when they are provided the tools they need in order to work together towards self reliance.
Organization for Economic cooperation and Development (OECD, 2010) refers Economic Empowerment.
1) As the capacity of women and Men to participate in, contribute to end benefit from growth processes in ways that recognize the value of their contributions, respect their dignity and make it possible to negotiate a fairer distribution of the benefits of growth.
ii) It seeks to ensure that people have the appropriate skills, capabilities and resources and access to secure and sustainable income and livelihoods.
Economic Empowerment is thought to allow poor people to think beyond immediate daily survival and to exercise greater control over both resources and life choice on Economic Empowerment is vast and a large part of this focuses on the economic empowerment of women. These can be seen in four broad ways.
I) the promotion of the assets of poor people.
ii) Transformative forms of Social protection.
Microfinance.
iv) skills training, (Eyben” R. 2008)
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The problem inherent on this study are partly stated as they quicken and ease out the work of the researcher. The following problems are involved:
i) The researcher wants to know the problem militating against rural industrialization and development.
ii) To ascertain whether industrialization promotes human and natural resources development
iii) To determine if industrialization suffer from in effective implantation because it has no in built capacity to address wrong implementation.
iv) It is also of interest to the researcher to understand whether poor national economy impact affects rural industrialization and development.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The general objective of this study is to explore the strategies through which rural industrialization can be achieved in order to track Economic empowerment of rural dwellers; among the specific objectives are-:
i) To determine the factors militating against rural indoctrination and development
ii) To ascertain whether industrialization promotes human and material development
iii) To find out if industrialization policy suffers from ineffective implementation because it has in built capacity to address wrong implementations
iv) To make suggestion and recommendation that could be useful in solving the identified problems.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Since the purpose this study is “Rural industrialization as a strategy for economic Empowerment of rural Dwellers in Udi Local Government of Enugu state” this write up will be of immense value to:
i) To students: to widen their knowledge in the discipline, research skills and resources materials.
ii) The society: This is drawn from rural setting and dev loping rural setting implies the development of the society is standard of living will improve, employment generated and investment created
iii) Policy makers: Encouraging the policy makers to create and understand the necessity to promote industrial project and leadership efforts are needed to pioneer industrialization process.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
To achieve the objectives of the study the researcher world seek to provide answers to the following question:
i) What are the factors militating against rural industrialization and development?
ii) Does industrialization promotes human and natural resources
iii) Does industrialization policy suffer from ineffective implementation because it has no in built capacity to address wrong implementation?
iv) Does poor national economic impact affect rural industrialization and development
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope covers measures, contribution, ways of encouragement, problems and solutions towards rural industrialization as a strategy for economic Empowerment of Rural Dwellers in udi local Government was not with out limitations Apathy on the part of some respond dents, poor record keeping, and difficulty encountered in finding related materials for literature review.
There limitations not with standing, the findings of this study are skill very reliable satisfactory efforts were made to ensure that the research was carried out under conditions that ensured reliable and valid conclusions.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
DEVELOPMENT:
The entails transformation, advancement to better and desired state.
INDUSTRALIZATION:
It is a part of a wider modernization process where social change and economic development are closely related with the development of large scale energy and metalurgy production
RURAL AREA:
This connotes the interior or remote parts of the local government which the central government wants to develop by creating local government.
RURAL DEVELOPMENT:
Deriving from our understanding of what development is then, that part of development that seeks to enhance the quality of life in the rural areas by providing basic infrastructural facilities.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT:
The third tier of government with in the state charged with the responsibility of development and administration of the people at the grass root level.
GOVERNMENT:
This is the agency of the railing class which is charged with the responsibility of exercising the state powers on behalf of the people.
SMACL SCALE ENTERPRIST:
This is any manufacturing, processing or service in dustry whose investment in plant machinery and building does not exceed N 500,000 and employs 50 fulltime employees.
EMPOWERMENT:
It refers to increasing the economic political social, educational, gender or spiritual strength of individuals and communities.
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT:
These implies the act of in situating environmental structures to facilitate individuals in bringing change in their socio economic status.
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