A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN ENUGU STATE (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE TOURISM BOARD, ENUGU)
ABSTRACT
Jourism Boards are established by various government to accrue revenue. And the tourism Boards cannot have the revenue without letting the general populace know what they have to offer. And this can be done through any of the promotional mix variables.
This research work is aimed at finding out the role advertising plays in tourism development.
Chapter one contains a general discussion of the role advertising plays in tourism development. It went further to state the problem to be studied and why this study was carried out the scope, limitation of the study and finally the significance of the study and the definition of term. A number of post – related literatures examined by other studies as it relates to the role of advertising in tourism. Development were highlighted in chapter two.
Chapter three deals with the design of the study, the method used in collecting relevant data. It also deals with the way the questionnaires were distributed and the treatment of data. The data got from the research survey were analyzed and interpreted.
Finally, the summary of findings, conclusion on the research and recommendations made by the researcher are all in chapter five.
If tourism boards put the recommendation made in the study to use, they will satisfy their customers and also increase in profit level. Thereby making the problems of tourism a thing of the past.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE - - - - - - - I
APPROVAL PAGE - - - - - - II
DEDICATION - - - - - - - III
ABSTRACT - - - - - - - IV
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Statement of the problem
Significance of the problem
Objective of the study
Hypotheses / research questions
Scope of study
Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
Population of the study
Sources of data
Sample size determination
Validation of instruments used
Sample techniques
Questionnaire administration and response rate trgatment of data
CHAPTER FOUR:
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
Tools of statistical analysis
Testing of hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Summary
Recommendation
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Advertising is one phrase that has been given different definitions by authors and these definitions in various ways portray what advertising is all about.
According to Tother (1988) advertising refers to any non personal or one – way form of communication conducted through paid media under dear sponsorship.
Stanton W.J (1983) says that advertising consist of all the activity involved in presenting to a group, a non – personal, oral or usual, openly sponsored message regarding a product, service or idea.
According to American marketing association (1960) “advertising can be defined as any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor”.
In (2002) Rotler defined, advertising as any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor.
From the above definitions, it is obvious that advertising is a paid communication undertaken by an identified sponsor and governing all business activities. These activities may include placement of announcement and messages of products and services on the television, radio, magazines, newspaper, outdoor leaflets etc. with the aim of creation awareness.
Advertising is important at the introductory stage because when a company introduces a new product or services, it has to inform its potential customers of the existence of such product or services. The need for it, where it can be found, how it can be used and in some cases the price at which it can be obtained. It is also very important in sustaining already existing product or services in the market. This is because one cannot take up an airplane and cut often the engine. Advertising is the force that elevate the products or services high and if it is suddenly cut off there will be a downward phase of the product and services.
Moreover, advertising has proved to be more efficient and less costly source of information than any other sources (Wright et al 1983). Another important aspect of advertising is that it creates or stimulates demand for a product or service through persuasion.
Advertising creates demand for a product or services where such a demand did not previously exist and even where there is such demand for such products or services. Thus, government, social organization have all used advertising and even religious organizations use advertising, so, advertising is not for only business firms but also for other organization. Advertisements are cost effective way to disseminalte messages, where to build brand preference for a product and / service or to educate people to avoid hard drugs.
Organizations handle their advertising in different ways. In small companies, advertising is handled by someone in the sales or marketing department, who works with an advertising agency. A large company will often set up its own advertising department, whose manager reports to the vice president of marketing. The advertising departments job is to propose a budge and handle direct mail advertising, dealer displays and other forms of advertising, most companies use an outside agency to help create advertising campaign and to select and purchase media.
Advertising has a carnjorer affect that lasts beyond the current period. Although advertising is treated as a current expense, part of it is really an investment that builds up an intangible asset called brand equity. When N5m is spent on capital equipment, the equipment may be treated as a five year depreciable asset and only one fifth of the cost is written off in the first year. When N5m is spent on advertising to launch a new product, the entire cost must be written off in the first year.
Thus treatment of advertising reduces the company’s reported profit and therefore limits the number of new products launches a company can undertake in any one year.
This study however is not aimed at all aspects of advertising, in tourism development in Enugu state. And the study is to bring into limehgut how advertising has played a major role in the states tourism bard, Enugu has been selected as the case organization.
Decree 54 of 1976 established a body known as the Nigeria tourism board. The same decree 54 gave rise to tourism committees at the state level and at the local government level, within of the sort was in existence – but on the 31st of Dec. 1997 the decree was charged by decree 81, which changed the name of the body from Nigeria tourism board to Nigeria tourism development cooperation which has its head office at Abuja. The same decree 81 created 36 state tourism boards. And at the local government level 774 tourism committees were created by decree 81 of 1992. Enugu state tourism board is the charge of all tourism attractions in the stage like business tourism, educations tourism etc.
And due to the hospitability of the people of the state and peaceful atmosphere, the state tourism board advertises to the general public the tourism attractions in the state by the publication, tourism today and through electronic media.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Enugu state have for sometime been experiencing immense improvement in tourism. The state s one of the few states in the country that is being patronized in terms of tourism and Enugu state tourism board Enugu is the body behind the development of tourism in the state. And the state tourism board has many tourism attractions like arts etc. in tourism, Enugu state is not the only state that has tourism board but its services is always being sought by tourists in the country and foreign tourists.
And in study the researcher intends to find out: why Enugu state tourism board is a success in tourism? Is the success as a result of the role advertising play? Why do people prefer the state tourism centers to other states tourism centers? Is advertising hereasing the demand for tourism in the state?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is very timely because many company executives are still not sure of how much attention and money that will be accrued to advertising. Marketing managers stand to benefit tremendously by this study because the study will make clearer the role of advertising in business, which cannot be replaced by any other promotion. Marketing will be complete without advertising because it stands out in the crowd. This study will help to correct the impression in some marketing managers that advertising is mearnt to generate as much sales as possible not minding the means. They will lean through this study that advertising must not over step social and legal norms.
This study will be of immense benefit to all state governments in Nigeria, also to the organized private sector. The study will make known the important role of advertising in both tangible products and / services. And the study will enable the federal, state and local governments to stop wasting huge sums of money, which are not being channeled well. And the study will make the country’s aspiration of high economic growth and development in this democratic dispensation attainable.
The marketing students are not least out of the benefits. The study is educational and exposition in the sense that students will be exposed more to the exciting part of advertising. The role advertising plays in business may have abscured to the student but through this study the researcher intends to shed more light on it.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
To find out the role advertising plays in the development of tourism the researcher intends looking at these objectives in the cause of the study:
i. To find out how advertising stimulate demand in tourism
ii. To find out the role advertising plays in the development of tourism
iii. To appraise whether advertising has really contributed favourably to tourism development in Enugu state
iv. Determine the extent advertising have gone in increase of tourism development in Enugu state
v. To find out how advertising contribute to the dissemination of product or service to target markets.
vi. To appraise the contribution of advertising to profitability in tourism development
vii. And to make recommendations as to how to make advertising more effective and efficient in tourism development.
STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothetical statement are designed to help the researcher in his analysis. They are represented both in null and alternative hypothesis. Ho is used for null hypothesis while Hi for alternative hypothesis.
HYPOTHESIS I
Ho: Advertising does not favour tourism development
Hi: Advertising affects tourism development favourally.
HYPOTHESIS II
Ho: Advertising has not enhanced operational efficiency and effectiveness in Enugu state tourism board Enugu
Hi: Advertising has enhanced operational efficiency and effectiveness in Enugu state tourism board Enugu.
HYPOTHESIS III
Ho: The use of advertising has not been of help to Enugu tourism board, Enugu
Hi: The use of advertising has been of immense help to Enugu state tourism board, Enugu.
HYPOTHESIS IV
Ho: Advertising does not effectively inform the consumers of the services rendered by Enugu state tourism board, Enugu
Hi: Advertising informs the consumers effectively of the services that Enugu state tourism board can render.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study will be on the role of advertising in tourism development. And the study will be carried out in Enugu metropolis. It is a case study of Enugu state tourism board, Enugu.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms used in this study should be taken to mean the following:
ADVERNSING
This is making known to the public through any mass media about the goods or services available to an organization. It is paid for by the organization and it is not personal.
PAID FORM
The advertiser purchases the media time or space for telling a strong about the product or service.
NOW – PERSONAL
Advertising is not take – face presentation but must pass through one media.
AN IDENTIFIED SPONSOR
The source of every advertising message is known
PRODUCT
Product is a tangible something that is ulemed as being capable of satisfying need or wants.
SERVICE
These are separately identifiable intangible activities which provide want satisfaction when marketed to consumer. This is the business of providing tourism attraction for tourists.
REFERENCE
Kotler P. (1988): “Marketing management analysis, planning, implementation and control 6th ed. Delhi, Prentice hall Inc. p. 617.
William V Stantion (1983) “Fundamental of marketing” 6th ed. McGraw Hill new York p. 414.
Ralph S Alexander and the Comitee on marketing definition (1963) America marketing association Chicago p.9
Kotler P. (2000) “Marketing management” with 10th ed. New Delhi, prentice half Inc. p. 577.
Wright et al (1983) “Advertising” New York, McGraw Hill Inc p. 30.
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