ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE WASTE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (ESWAMA)
ABSTRACT
This research work was aimed at analyzing the environmental management in Nigeria with a case study of Enugu state waste management authority (ESWAMA) it went further to knowing how ESWAMA clear the refuse depot, inspect the surroundings and how the body treats cases of violators the study also examines the distance of refuse depot from the house of residence and the nuisance caused by uncollected solid waste. Other matter raised in the study are factors that hinder ESWAMA from being effective and efficient to find answers to these matters questionnaires were administrated to the inhabitant of Enugu metropolis and the staff of ESWAMA. It was discovered after the detail analysis of data generated through the questionnaire that the residents of Enugu metropolis that uncollected solid waste cause serious nuisance to the people in the metropolis, that ESWAMA dose not regularly clear and inspect the refuse dump. Other relevant findings made in this study are that ESWAMA is not adequately founded which render then ineffective and inefficient conclusively, they are aimed at generally examining the performance of ESWAMA.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Never before in the nation’s on environmental much emphasis been placed on environments management the current civilian governments emphasis on environmental management as a commendable act can hardly be over emphasized. According to Aaron Agbatekwe in his page on environmental sanitation, he still rolling in an orchestrated effort to rid of our urban areas of this illegal structures, in discriminated dumping that have long disfigured the Nigeria cities.
According to Aaron Agbatkekwe (Year 1988 is his paper on environmental sanitation days he said the clarion calls for a clean environmental is rapidly yielding results in our streets gutters if there is proper environmental management campaign, it ma soon be forgotten that early nine year ago, our urban center were literally compression in flitch.
This civilian dispensation on assuring office on the 29th may 1999 has embanked on war against environmental pollution and degradation which was taught with extra vigour enthusiasm, tact and joy consequent upon proviso and resultant availability of tools/granules adequate enough to tight the cascading environmental erosion and flood control sold waste and city beautification.
One does not need to search too hard to see why the condition solid waste need to search too hard to see why the condition of our environment should attract the attention of this civilian government first one can hardly exaggerate in describing the level of degradation represented by appealing and dehumanizing conditions to our physical environment in their various forms have reached terrific proportions and must be arrested and eradicated it is illegal structures spring up even in the exclusive and expensive districts in urban centres without doubt it is step in right direction that government in the country have come to realize that should not fold their arms as it is that various in faith but commutable as it is that various governments have come to see the need for environment management people feel that this now found unless adequate account is taken of the socio-economic dynamics that underline the degradation of our physical environment some official data should serve to lustrated that Nigerians are not overtly inclined not as a result of some genetic flaw in their character. According to the federal office of statistic in 1990, 6.9 percent of house hold depend on pit toilets, 17.4 percent made do with obnoxious pail system while only 6.7 percent enjoyed the luxury of water closets of course, as 15 percent of all urban house hold had no toilet of any types.
Equally important, Federal office of certain information “the 85.6 percent of all urban must be concluded that right in their homes the vast majority of our country men live under condition cat precludes domestic hygiene let alone environmental sanitation.
A serious attempt at keeping the environment clean under these circumstances should not start with or restricted to cleaning the shoat of refuse, rather inside their household Nigeria can afford to live more like human being and less like pig.
Environmental managements activities embarked upon in many states, obviously have their uses.
Quite apart from saving to give an impression that the government is serious about governing such activities can do a lot, even if temporarily to improve the scenery in the like of next negbour hoods like new heaven, independence layout and G.R.A but to clean the fostering shuns where the less fortunate make their homes. A lot more is required by Nigerians to keep their surrounding clean to usher in a million of environment hygiene that may state governors now dream sunny Augamuru (1994:13) in describing the problems of environmental management assessment “asserts that the matter of street trading and illegal markets stalls, road side mechanics as the root of the problem in our preferred pattern of development. In a situation where development is urban oriented a rural to urban shift of population would be discouraged and where as in our case the rate of expansion of formal employment is much shower than the pace at which people drift to urban centres, the logical out come is for the rural migrants to turn to petty trading and other marginal economic activities. According to O.C I Okpara’s research (1986:45) the ascertained that street trades are victims of the crime of rural development which has been masterminded by successive government in the country”
Because of these problem, Enugu State waste management Authority (ESWAMA) was established by virtue of the Enugu State law No.8 of 2004 to collect dispose and create all environmental wastes as well as ensure sustainable environmental cleanness in the it inception. Has this authority been meeting up the expectation of the masses it intends to serve in terms of refuse collection to ensure environment aesthetics and management?
What is the public opinion about ESWAMA? Enugu state waste management Authority (ESWAMA) was created in the wake reelection and return of his Excellency Dr Chimaroke Nnamani in 2003. his second tenure was embraced with high spirit hoping that more attention would be paid to the environment sanitation in the state the create of this authority was motivated by the various hitches and hiccups that besieged the moribund Enugu State Environment Sanitation and protection Agency (ENSEPA) at the inception of the civilian May, 1999 which was attributed to military hand over.
Statement of PROBLEM
Over the years government claim to have performed well in the area of environment of sanitation in the country but on the contrary.
1. It seems the political instability in the country make environmental management very difficult to exercise.
2. it also appear that environmental legislation do not adequately cover its activities
3. It also appear that environmental authority does not often clear deport
4. Some factors seem to be responsible for the poor performance of ESWAMA
Objective of the Study
The general objective of the study is to evaluate the performance of ESWAMA in Enugu state. How ever, the specific objective are
1. To ascertain the distance of dumping site from residential/office building
2. To ascertain the nature of nuisance cause by uncollected solid wastes.
3. To determine the frequency of refuse removal by ESWAMA.
4. To ascertain the factor that hinder affective performance of ESWAMA.
Research Question
Significance of Study
Many benefit abound for the study of environmental management in Nigeria with particular references to Enugu state management Authority (ESWAMA).
One is purely the academic interest of knowing the extent to which ESWAMA has gene in achieving the objective for which they were created as regards our non metal sanitation.
Secondly, the study will enable use to see the importance of efficient management of environment this is but tress by the fact that neglect of environment caused breed diseases, deface the aesthetic value and hamper the government in discharging its basic economic political and social functions it is also expected that at the end of the research work, the society, government student of environmental management and practitioners be able to evaluate ESWAMA performance in relation to their fund.
Scope of the Study
One to the pacify of finance and pressure of time the scope of this study is restricted to the operation of Enugu State waste management Authority (ESWAMA)
This will enable our in-depth stud of the agency with the belief that the problem encountered or expensive by the agency could be felt in the same way by other environmental management agencies. In Nigeria
Limitation of the Study
Various problems were encountered during the filed and date collection.
Some occupation of the urban area where ESWAMA operate were scared that the oral interview and question did not give evidence to the interviewer in the case of interview with the general manager public relation officer and zonal co-ordinating officer it was not task to book appointment with them. The writer had to shuttle several times from Enugu to Nsukka as the officials are hardly on seat.
Definition of Terms
Degradation: The act of living in slum conditions
Dehumanizing Condition: The situation where our physical environment lacks the human qualities example good network, good houses etc.
ESWAMA: Enugu State Waste Management Authority.
Environmental Aesthetics: a surrounding that is well beautified or act of beautifying of our surrounding that is well beautified or act of beautifying of our surroundings.
Ulegal structure: unapproved building or houses that are not authorized by the ESWAMA.
Indiscriminate Dumping: the situation where refuse are dumped everywhere there is no collection point so refuse are dump any how
rural to urban shift: the uncontrollable movement of people from village to the cities.
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