DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 500VA POWER INVERTER SYSTEM WITH INBUILT BATTERY SUPPLY
ABSTRACT
500VA power inverter system is a DC to AC conversion system of 500VA power rating and expected to carry around 400 watts load. It provides power to electronic and electrical appliances such as radio sets, TV DVD/VCD, computers, fans and lighting. The design was conceived and put down as block diagram. Corresponding circuit diagrams for each black box were sourced and drawn. The component values according to desired specifications were designed from the first principle and needed values derived. The transformer was also designed and with measurements and component values we went to the market. Most of the transistors were not in the market and order was made with the trader and they were later collected. These components were first wired on project board, tested before being removed and transferred to veroboard where they were soldered permanently and tested. The tests carried out were successfully including the capacity of the transformer and the transformer stability and hum-free operation. The circuit veroboard and transformer along with meters, switches, indicators and output sucket were all carefully packaged inside the system box and test carried out again. This financial test was also successful.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
List of tables vii
List of Figures viii
List of Appendices ix
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
Background of study 1
Objective/aim of study 2
The Scope of study 3
Limitation of the study 4
Definition of important terms 5
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review 9
Feedback Oscillator Principle 10
Astable Mulivibrator Principle 11
Field Effect transistor (FET) 14
CHAPTER THREE
Design Methodology 18
Specification 19
Inverter System Circuit Design 20
Voltage Regulator Monitor 20
Inverter Circuit 22
Low Pass Filter 24
Pre-Amplifre 25
Bufer Amplifier 27
Power Amplifier 29
Transformer Design 38
Circuit Diagram 43
CHAPTER FOUR
Construction, Testing and Packing 44
CHAPTER FIVE
Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation 49
CHAPTER SIX
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 52
Summary 52
Conclusion 53
Recommendation 54
References 55
Appendix 1: Standard were Gauge (SWG) Chart 56
Appendix II: Color Code 59
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Coefficient of Utilization 34
Table 3.2: Calculated Winding Parameters 38
Table 4.1: Transformer Test 46
Table 5.1: BEME 49
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 2.1: Feedback Oscillator Principle 10
Fig 2.2: Astable Multivibration Circuit 11
Fig 2.3: Symbol of an Enhancement Channel (MOSFET) 15
Fig 2.4: MOSFET Power Transistor Schematic 17
Fig 2.5: Symobl of MOSFET 17
Fig 3.1: Power Inverter System Block Diagram 19
Fig 3.2: Voltage Regulator/Monitor 20
Fig 3.3: Inverter Circuit 22
Fig 3.4: Equivalent Circuit of T2 Showing the Origin of Overshoot 23
Fig 3.5: Cascaded Low Pass Filter 24
Fig 3.6: Pre-Amplifier 25
Fig 3.7: Buffer Amplifier 27
Fig 3.8: Darlington Pair Power Amplifier 29
Fig 3.9: Output Stage 30
Fig 3.10: Transformer Schematic Diagramme 32
Fig 3.11: Transformer Turns Schematic Diagramme 34
Fig 3.12: Sketch of Transformer Core Lamination 40
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The Background of the Problem
Power inverter system is a unit developed for the conversion of direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) to serve electronic and electrical appliances, such as radio sets, television sets, DVD/VCD, computer, photocopying machine etcetera and also provide lighting and power to fans. Inverter systems could be used in conjunction with the solar energy conversion system for the harnessing of solar power energy and also as vital part of uninterrupted power surprise system.
The concept and development of power inverter system because necessary of the poor national power supply system that resulted in incessant power supply and power outages. Power inverter is also found in use where there is no supply of electricity in the first place.
The Purpose/Objective/Aim of the Project
The purpose of the project is to design and construct a 500VA power inverter system for the supply of A.C power to serve load of about 400watts power (the active or real power, 500VA x 0.8 = 400 watts).
The objective of the project is to ensure that the research produce an inverter and step-up transformer that would be able to transform few D.C voltage of about 12 voltage to up to 220 volt A.C 50Hz obtainable from the national power supply. Electronic appliances designed and constructed for use in Nigeria are meant to work at the designed specification of 220/230 Volt AC, 50Hz in contrast to similar equipment meant to work in a country like Japan whose national electric power supply is 110 volt A.C., 60Hz.
The designed and constructed power inverter system in accordance with the specification of national power supply will not discriminate against any equipment nor serve only a particular electronic appliance. The inverter system will be universally accepted by any system operating in Nigeria or in countries that adopted same specification. BY this, the aim of the project design and construction must have been achieved.
Scope of the Project
This project is on the design and construction of 500VA power inverter system with an in-built battery supply. In the first place, the 12 VDC battery is not part of the system to be designed implemented. The scope of the project includes designing and deriving the component values of all the circuits involved for the implementation of this project. These components are sourced and fixed in the vero board according to the determined circuitry, wired and tested through. The circuitry is completed by the design of transformer laminations and coils or windings, packaging and clamping of these laminations to air tight condition and testing through to ensure the specified rating of 400W which will supply a real power of 500VA x 0.8.
The scope of the project also coverted testing of the entire system after packaging in a metal construction with vent that will ensure in-let of air as coolant to the transformer that is expected to generate heat while in operation including power transistors.
The power inverter system produced cannot work along wired installation of power supply from the national grid unless other units are incorporated. It works on stand alone bases where no power was extended from the national into operation intermittently.
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